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четверг, 29 марта 2018 г.

TEXT FOR ANALYSIS

 PIANO by W.Saroyan
I get excited every time I see a piano, Ben said.
Is that so? Emma said. Why?
I don’t know, Ben said. Do you mind if we go into this store and try the little one in the corner?
Can you play? Emma said.
If you call what I do playing, Ben said.
What do you do?
You’ll see, Ben said.
They went into the store, to the small piano in the corner. Emma noticed him smiling and wondered if she’d ever know anything about him. She’d go along for a while thinking she knew him and then all of a sudden she’d known she didn’t. He stood over the piano, looking down at it. What she imagined was that he had probably heard good piano playing and loved that kind of music and every time he saw a keyboard and the shape of piano he remembered the music and imagined he had something to do with it.
Can you play? She said.
Ben looked around. The clerks seemed to be busy.
I can’t play, Ben said.
She saw his hands go quietly to the white and black keys like a real pianist’s, and it seemed very unusual because of what she felt when that happened. She felt that he was someone who would be a long time finding about himself, and someone somebody else would be much longer finding out about. He should be somebody who could play a piano.
Ben made a few quiet chords. Nobody came over to try to sell him anything, so, still standing, he began to do what he’d told her he wasn’t playing.
Well, all she knew that it was wonderful.
He played half a minute only. Then he looked at her and said, It sounds good.
I think it’s wonderful, Emma said.
I don’t mean what I did, Ben said. I mean the piano. I mean the piano itself. It has a fine tone, especially for a little piano.
A middle-aged clerk came over and said, How do you do?
Hello, Ben said. This is a swell one.
It’s a very popular instrument, the clerk said. You can have terms, of course.
He noticed Ben wanting to try it out some more.
Go ahead, he said. Try it some more. I don’t play, Ben said. I heard you, the clerk said. That’s not playing, Ben said. I can’t read a note.
Sounded too good to me, the clerk said. Play some more, the clerk said. Nobody’ll mind.
The clerk pushed up the bench and Ben sat down and began to do what he said he wasn’t playing. He fooled around fifteen or twenty seconds and then found something like a melody and stayed with it two minutes. Before he was through the music became quiet and sorrowful and Ben himself became more and more pleased the piano. Then he stopped playing and stood up.
Thanks, he said. Wish I could buy it.
Don’t mention it, the clerk said.
Ben and Emma walked out of the store. In the street Emma said, I didn’t know about that, Ben.
About what? Ben said.
About you.
What about me?
Being that way, Emma said.
This is my lunch hour, Ben said. In the evening is when I like to think of having a piano.
They went into a little restaurant and sat at the counter and ordered sandwiches and coffee.
When did you learn to play? Emma said.
I’ve never learned, Ben said. Any place I find a piano, I try it out. I’ve been doing that ever since I was a kid.
He looked at her and smiled. He smiled the way he did when he stood over the piano looking down at the keyboard. Emma felt very flattered.
Never having money, Ben said, keeps a man away from lots of things he figures he ought to have by rights.
I guess it does, Emma said.
In a way, Ben said, it’s a good thing, and then again it’s not so good. In fact, it’s terrible.
He looked at her again, the same way, and she smiled back at him the way he was smiling at her.
She understood. It was like the piano. He could stay near it for hours. She felt very flattered.
They left the restaurant and walked two blocks to the Emporium where she worked.
Well, so long, he said.
So long, Ben, Emma said.
He went on down the street and went on into the store. Somehow or other she knew he’d get a piano some day, and everything else, too.

Fears over USA-China trade war

The world is waiting to see if a trade war breaks out between the USA and China. Stock markets in Asia did badly in Friday's trading because investors are worried about U.S. President Donald Trump's plans to hit Chinese companies with trade tariffs. A tariff is a tax a country puts on goods and services coming in from other countries. President Trump has warned China he will issue tariffs on up to $60 billion of Chinese imports. China said it would issue its own tariffs in reply to Mr Trump. Tokyo's Nikkei share index fell by more than 4 per cent on Friday, Shanghai's market was down more than 3 per cent, and stocks and shares in Seoul fell by 3 per cent. There was also a fall on New York's Wall Street stock exchange.

Experts on world trade are worried that the import tariffs could be the start of a global trade war. Trade researcher Robert Carnell said: "If the tariffs go ahead as planned, then we believe China will retaliate. It is impossible to imagine that they cannot. And then we expect the U.S. to retaliate further. This can turn ugly on a global scale very quickly." President Trump says he wants to protect U.S. workers and companies. Mr Trump is not happy with the trade imbalance between the USA and China. Experts believe that the USA buys $385 billion more goods from China than China buys from the USA. Trump wants to try and reduce this imbalance by at least $100 billion with his tariffs.

четверг, 22 марта 2018 г.

Stephen Hawking


Film "The gift of the Magi"


Linguo-stylistic analysis

THE GIFT OF THE MAGI

by O. Henry

One dollar and eighty-seven cents. That was all. And sixty cents of it was in pennies. Pennies saved one and two at a time by bulldozing the grocer and the vegetable man and the butcher until one's cheeks burned with the silent imputation of parsimony that such close dealing implied. Three times Della counted it. One dollar and eighty- seven cents. And the next day would be Christmas. There was clearly nothing to do but flop down on the shabby little couch and howl. So Della did it. Which instigates the moral reflection that life is made up of sobs, sniffles, and smiles, with sniffles predominating.
While the mistress of the home is gradually subsiding from the first stage to the second, take a look at the home. A furnished flat at $8 per week. It did not exactly beggar description, but it certainly had that word on the lookout for the mendicancy squad.
In the vestibule below was a letter-box into which no letter would go, and an electric button from which no mortal finger could coax a ring. Also appertaining thereunto was a card bearing the name "Mr. James Dillingham Young."
The "Dillingham" had been flung to the breeze during a former period of prosperity when its possessor was being paid $30 per week. Now, when the income was shrunk to $20, though, they were thinking seriously of contracting to a modest and unassuming D. But whenever Mr. James Dillingham Young came home and reached his flat above he was called "Jim" and greatly hugged by Mrs. James Dillingham Young, already introduced to you as Della. Which is all very good.
Della finished her cry and attended to her cheeks with the powder rag. She stood by the window and looked out dully at a gray cat walking a gray fence in a gray backyard. Tomorrow would be Christmas Day, and she had only $1.87 with which to buy Jim a present. She had been saving every penny she could for months, with this result. Twenty dollars a week doesn't go far. Expenses had been greater than she had calculated. They always are. Only $1.87 to buy a present for Jim. Her Jim. Many a happy hour she had spent planning for something nice for him. Something fine and rare and sterling--something just a little bit near to being worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim.
There was a pier-glass between the windows of the room. Perhaps you have seen a pier-glass in an $8 flat. A very thin and very agile person may, by observing his reflection in a rapid sequence of longitudinal strips, obtain a fairly accurate conception of his looks. Della, being slender, had mastered the art.
Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the glass. her eyes were shining brilliantly, but her face had lost its color within twenty seconds. Rapidly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length.
Now, there were two possessions of the James Dillingham Youngs in which they both took a mighty pride. One was Jim's gold watch that had been his father's and his grandfather's. The other was Della's hair. Had the queen of Sheba lived in the flat across the airshaft, Della would have let her hair hang out the window some day to dry just to depreciate Her Majesty's jewels and gifts. Had King Solomon been the janitor, with all his treasures piled up in the basement, Jim would have pulled out his watch every time he passed, just to see him pluck at his beard from envy.
So now Della's beautiful hair fell about her rippling and shining like a cascade of brown waters. It reached below her knee and made itself almost a garment for her. And then she did it up again nervously and quickly. Once she faltered for a minute and stood still while a tear or two splashed on the worn red carpet.
On went her old brown jacket; on went her old brown hat. With a whirl of skirts and with the brilliant sparkle still in her eyes, she fluttered out the door and down the stairs to the street.
Where she stopped the sign read: "Mne. Sofronie. Hair Goods of All Kinds." One flight up Della ran, and collected herself, panting. Madame, large, too white, chilly, hardly looked the "Sofronie."
"Will you buy my hair?" asked Della.
"I buy hair," said Madame. "Take yer hat off and let's have a sight at the looks of it."
Down rippled the brown cascade.
"Twenty dollars," said Madame, lifting the mass with a practised hand.
"Give it to me quick," said Della.
Oh, and the next two hours tripped by on rosy wings. Forget the hashed metaphor. She was ransacking the stores for Jim's present.
She found it at last. It surely had been made for Jim and no one else. There was no other like it in any of the stores, and she had turned all of them inside out. It was a platinum fob chain simple and chaste in design, properly proclaiming its value by substance alone and not by meretricious ornamentation--as all good things should do. It was even worthy of The Watch. As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's. It was like him. Quietness and value--the description applied to both. Twenty-one dollars they took from her for it, and she hurried home with the 87 cents. With that chain on his watch Jim might be properly anxious about the time in any company. Grand as the watch was, he sometimes looked at it on the sly on account of the old leather strap that he used in place of a chain.
When Della reached home her intoxication gave way a little to prudence and reason. She got out her curling irons and lighted the gas and went to work repairing the ravages made by generosity added to love. Which is always a tremendous task, dear friends--a mammoth task.
Within forty minutes her head was covered with tiny, close-lying curls that made her look wonderfully like a truant schoolboy. She looked at her reflection in the mirror long, carefully, and critically.
"If Jim doesn't kill me," she said to herself, "before he takes a second look at me, he'll say I look like a Coney Island chorus girl. But what could I do--oh! what could I do with a dollar and eighty- seven cents?"
At 7 o'clock the coffee was made and the frying-pan was on the back of the stove hot and ready to cook the chops.
Jim was never late. Della doubled the fob chain in her hand and sat on the corner of the table near the door that he always entered. Then she heard his step on the stair away down on the first flight, and she turned white for just a moment. She had a habit for saying little silent prayer about the simplest everyday things, and now she whispered: "Please God, make him think I am still pretty."
The door opened and Jim stepped in and closed it. He looked thin and very serious. Poor fellow, he was only twenty-two--and to be burdened with a family! He needed a new overcoat and he was without gloves.
Jim stopped inside the door, as immovable as a setter at the scent of quail. His eyes were fixed upon Della, and there was an expression in them that she could not read, and it terrified her. It was not anger, nor surprise, nor disapproval, nor horror, nor any of the sentiments that she had been prepared for. He simply stared at her fixedly with that peculiar expression on his face.
Della wriggled off the table and went for him.
"Jim, darling," she cried, "don't look at me that way. I had my hair cut off and sold because I couldn't have lived through Christmas without giving you a present. It'll grow out again--you won't mind, will you? I just had to do it. My hair grows awfully fast. Say `Merry Christmas!' Jim, and let's be happy. You don't know what a nice-- what a beautiful, nice gift I've got for you."
"You've cut off your hair?" asked Jim, laboriously, as if he had not arrived at that patent fact yet even after the hardest mental labor.
"Cut it off and sold it," said Della. "Don't you like me just as well, anyhow? I'm me without my hair, ain't I?"
Jim looked about the room curiously.
"You say your hair is gone?" he said, with an air almost of idiocy.
"You needn't look for it," said Della. "It's sold, I tell you--sold and gone, too. It's Christmas Eve, boy. Be good to me, for it went for you. Maybe the hairs of my head were numbered," she went on with sudden serious sweetness, "but nobody could ever count my love for you. Shall I put the chops on, Jim?"
Out of his trance Jim seemed quickly to wake. He enfolded his Della. For ten seconds let us regard with discreet scrutiny some inconsequential object in the other direction. Eight dollars a week or a million a year--what is the difference? A mathematician or a wit would give you the wrong answer. The magi brought valuable gifts, but that was not among them. This dark assertion will be illuminated later on.
Jim drew a package from his overcoat pocket and threw it upon the table.
"Don't make any mistake, Dell," he said, "about me. I don't think there's anything in the way of a haircut or a shave or a shampoo that could make me like my girl any less. But if you'll unwrap that package you may see why you had me going a while at first."
White fingers and nimble tore at the string and paper. And then an ecstatic scream of joy; and then, alas! a quick feminine change to hysterical tears and wails, necessitating the immediate employment of all the comforting powers of the lord of the flat.
For there lay The Combs--the set of combs, side and back, that Della had worshipped long in a Broadway window. Beautiful combs, pure tortoise shell, with jewelled rims--just the shade to wear in the beautiful vanished hair. They were expensive combs, she knew, and her heart had simply craved and yearned over them without the least hope of possession. And now, they were hers, but the tresses that should have adorned the coveted adornments were gone.
But she hugged them to her bosom, and at length she was able to look up with dim eyes and a smile and say: "My hair grows so fast, Jim!"
And them Della leaped up like a little singed cat and cried, "Oh, oh!"
Jim had not yet seen his beautiful present. She held it out to him eagerly upon her open palm. The dull precious metal seemed to flash with a reflection of her bright and ardent spirit.
"Isn't it a dandy, Jim? I hunted all over town to find it. You'll have to look at the time a hundred times a day now. Give me your watch. I want to see how it looks on it."
Instead of obeying, Jim tumbled down on the couch and put his hands under the back of his head and smiled.
"Dell," said he, "let's put our Christmas presents away and keep 'em a while. They're too nice to use just at present. I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs. And now suppose you put the chops on."
The magi, as you know, were wise men--wonderfully wise men--who brought gifts to the Babe in the manger. They invented the art of giving Christmas presents. Being wise, their gifts were no doubt wise ones, possibly bearing the privilege of exchange in case of duplication. And here I have lamely related to you the uneventful chronicle of two foolish children in a flat who most unwisely sacrificed for each other the greatest treasures of their house. But in a last word to the wise of these days let it be said that of all who give gifts these two were the wisest. O all who give and receive gifts, such as they are wisest. Everywhere they are wisest. They are the magi.

Stephen Hawking explained multiverses in final paper   (21st March, 2018)

The world-famous physicist and cosmologist Stephen Hawking published an important paper before he died last week. Professor Hawking died on March 14, aged 76. Two weeks before his death, he published his final theory in a paper called "A Smooth Exit from Eternal Inflation". He explained two very important ideas. The first was how humans might be able to detect multiverses. These are parallel universes that were created at the same time as our universe after the Big Bang. The second theory is about how our universe will eventually end, when the stars finally run out of energy. Scientists say his paper could be his most important work ever, and that he could have won a Nobel Prize for it.
Stephen Hawking's new paper started by explaining an older theory of his called inflation. This is when our universe suddenly expanded from a tiny point in space into the billions of stars and solar systems we have today. Hawking suggested there were an infinite number of big bangs and each of them created its own separate universe. He called this collection of universes a multiverse. Hawking wrote that he believed scientists could find the multiverse by using sensors on space ships. Carlos Frenk, a professor of cosmology, said: "These ideas offer the breathtaking prospect of finding evidence for the existence of other universes." Hawking is also famous for his best-selling book "A Brief History of Time".

FUTURE CONTINIOUS TENSE

Change the verb into the correct form, then press "Check" to check your answers. Use the "Hint" button to get a free letter if you don't know. Note that you will lose points if you ask for hints!
Change the verb into the correct form:
1. He (wait) for quite some time.
2. Tomorrow at this time I (dance) at a party.
3. Next week at this time I (sunbathe) at the beach.
4. At 5 o'clock you (help) your brother.
5. This evening at 8 o'clock, she (watch) a movie with her friends.
6. Nicole (have) a hard time.
7. We (smile), and they (cry).
8. Rebecca (clean) the house, and John (wash) the dishes.
9. Tonight they (talk), (dance) and (have) a good time.
10. It (rain) tonight.
11. Tomorrow we (rest) and (have) fun.
12. Tonight at 10 o'clock she (come) home.
13. The day after tomorrow he (move) his apartment.
14. At this time tomorrow, I (sleep) deeply.
15. You (work) very hard to get that deal.

REPORTED SPEECH

Complete the sentences in reported speech.

  1. John said, "I love this town."
    John said
  2. "Do you like soccer ?" He asked me.
    He asked me
  3. "I can't drive a lorry," he said.
    He said
  4. "Be nice to your brother," he said.
    He asked me
  5. "Don't be nasty," he said.
    He urged me
  6. "Don't waste your money" she said.
    She told the boys
  7. "What have you decided to do?" she asked him.
    She asked him
  8. "I always wake up early," he said.
    He said
  9. "You should revise your lessons," he said.
    He advised the students
  10. "Where have you been?" he asked me.
    He wanted to know